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|translated title=VPN on Linux
 
|translated title=VPN on Linux
 
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VPN (Virtual Private Network) is needed if you want to use your computer from outside the university to access services that are only accessible within the university network. VPN guarantees secure access to the university network from other networks (dial-up via other providers, external company or university networks).
 
  
== What needs to be done? ==
+
{{ambox
* To use OpenVPN, you must first download a [[Netzwerkzertifikate|etwork certificate]].
+
|type=notice
* Use your package manager to install OpenVPN version >2.4 and the OpenVPN support for the network manager.
+
|text=Linux is only rudimentarily supported by the ZIM. Info is addressed to "professionals". Use at your own risk.
* Download the configuration file:
+
}}
<iframe key="infoboard" width="600" height="320" path="vpn-config/index.php?group=uni&os=lin" />
+
 
* Importieren Sie die Konfigurationsdatei  '''"OpenVPN-UPB-NG_*.ovpn"''' und das Nutzerzertifikat in den Networkmanager.
+
<bootstrap_alert color=warning>
* Verbinden Sie sich per OpenVPN mit der Universität.
+
&#9888; If you receive an error message like <code>Decoding PKCS12 failed. Probably wrong password or unsupported/legacy encryption</code> or similar when connecting:<br>
 +
Do '''not''' change your OpenSSL configuration! Instead, create a new certificate in Version 2 (AES-256 container). Details below. Adjusting the OpenSSL configuration can lead to security risks.
 +
</bootstrap_alert>
 +
 
 +
VPN (Virtual Private Network) is needed if you want to use your computer from outside the university to access services that are only accessible within the university network. VPN guarantees secure access to the university network through other networks (dial-up via other providers, external company or university networks).
 +
<br><br>
 +
 
 +
This guide is based on Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS. Other distributions may work similarly. We cannot provide a guide for every distribution.
 +
 
 +
== What needs to be done? ==
 +
* Download personal network certificate.
 +
* Download configuration file:
 +
<iframe key="infoboard" width="600" height="330" path="vpn-config/index.php?group=uni&os=lin&redirect_gateway=1" />
 +
* Store network certificate and configuration file in a folder. Don't change the path later.
 +
* Rename the certificate.
 +
* Setup VPN
  
* VPN unter Linux konfigurieren
 
 
== Step-by-step instructions ==
 
== Step-by-step instructions ==
=== Create network certificate  ===
 
Um OpenVPN nutzen zu können, müssen Sie zunächst ein [[Netzwerkzertifikate|persönliches Netzwerkzertifikat]] installieren.
 
  
Wenn Sie das WLAN "eduroam" benutzen, ist das Zertifikat bereits auf Ihrem Rechner installiert.
+
===Create certificate ===
 +
You need a network certificate for the VPN connection. If you already have a certificate for Eduroam, you can use that too and skip this step.
 +
<br>
 +
Open the service portal and log in with your university account.
 +
* http://sp.upb.de
 +
<br>
  
=== Configuring VPN on Linux  ===
+
* Go to '''User Management''' and then '''Network Settings'''.
Laden Sie die Konfigurationsdatei herunter, wählen Sie hierzu das VPN mit dem Sie sich verbinden wollen aus und klicken Sie auf Download.
+
<br clear=all>
Im Normalfall sollte "Uni-VPN (Standard)" die richtige Wahl sein, sollten Sie jedoch Probleme mit der Verbindung haben, versuchen Sie es mit "Uni-VPN-TCP" noch einmal.
 
<iframe key="infoboard" width="600" height="320" path="vpn-config/index.php?group=uni&os=lin" />
 
  
Es wird mindestens die Version '''OpenVPN 2.4''' benötigt.
+
[[File:Eduroam-unter-android-4.png|links|mini|ohne|350px]]
 +
<br>
 +
* Click '''Create New Certificate'''.
 +
<br clear=all>
  
== Verbindung über den Netzwerkmanager von Ubuntu ==
+
[[File:Netzwerkzertifikat-container-v2.png|links|mini|ohne|350px]]
Es gibt auch die Möglichkeit, die Verbindung über den Netzwerkmanager von Ubuntu einzurichten.
+
<br>
 +
* Give the certificate a unique name (Ex: Laptop VPN)
 +
* Select '''Version 2''' as the file format.
 +
* Then click on '''Send new certificate'''.
 +
<br clear=all>
  
Zur Verwendung des Networkmanagers muss das vorher erstellte Netzwerkzertifikat entpackt werden:
+
[[File:Netzwerkzertifikat-download.png|links|mini|ohne|350px]]
 +
<br>
 +
* A new network certificate has been created for you.
 +
* First copy the '''Import Password''' to the clipboard.
 +
* Now click on '''Download Network Certificate'''.
 +
<br clear=all>
 +
 
 +
=== Configure VPN on Linux ===
 +
Download the configuration file, select the VPN you want to connect to and click Download.
 +
Normally "Uni-VPN (Standard)" should be the right choice, but if you have problems with the connection, try "Uni-VPN-TCP" again.
 +
<iframe key="infoboard" width="600" height="330" path="vpn-config/index.php?group=uni&os=lin&redirect_gateway=1" />
 +
<br clear=all>
 +
<span style="color:green"> Note:</span> You can click on '''"Download"''' here and download your configuration file. This is not a screenshot ;-)
 +
<br clear=all>
  
: <code>$ openssl pkcs12 -in Network_Certificate.p12 -out Network_Certificate_OPVPN.crt.pem -clcerts -nokeys </code>
+
<bootstrap_accordion>
: <code>$ openssl pkcs12 -in Network_Certificate.p12 -out Network_Certificate_OPVPN.key.pem -nocerts -nodes </code>
+
<bootstrap_panel heading="Direct all internet traffic through the tunnel?">
 +
*Accessing online resources may require that you route all network traffic through the tunnel.
 +
* You do not need this option for pure access to network drives.
 +
</bootstrap_panel>
 +
</bootstrap_accordion>
  
Die beiden neuen Dateien werden mit dem Netzwerkzertifikat an einen sicheren Ort im Benutzerverzeichnis kopiert.  
+
===Create folder===
 +
* Create a folder and put the network certificate and configuration file there.
 +
* Choose the storage location carefully - you must not move or rename the folder later.
 +
* Rename the network certificate to <code>Network_Certificate.p12</code>
  
  
Dazu müssen die erst die notwendigen Pakete mittels Terminal installiert werden:
+
[[File:Vpn-unter-linux-01.png|links|mini|ohne|350px|Folder for VPN]]
: <code># sudo apt-get install openvpn network-manager-openvpn network-manager-openvpn-gnome</code>
+
<br>
 +
* This is what the contents of the folder should look like.
 +
<br clear=all>
  
Mit Hilfe der Network Managers (Netwerkverbindungen) lässt sich eine neue VPN-Verbindung
+
===Set up VPN===
erstellen. Dazu muss auf „Hinzufügen“ geklickt werden.
+
[[File:Vpn-unter-linux-02.png|links|mini|ohne|350px|Network]]
 +
<br>
 +
* Click on the ''"network icon"''.
 +
* Then click on '''Settings'''.
 +
<br clear=all>
  
[[Datei:VPN_Unter_Linux_01.png]]
+
[[Datei:Vpn-unter-linux-03.png|links|mini|ohne|350px|Add VPN]]
 +
<br>
 +
* In the VPN section, click the <code>+</code> to add.
 +
<br clear=all>
  
 +
[[File:Vpn-unter-linux-04.png|links|mini|ohne|350px|Import from file]]
 +
<br>
 +
* Select '''"Import from file..."'''.
 
<br clear=all>
 
<br clear=all>
  
 +
[[File:Vpn-unter-linux-05.png|links|mini|ohne|350px|configuration file]]
 +
<br>
 +
* Open the folder we just created.
 +
* Select the '''configuration file'''.
 +
* Then click '''"Open"'''.
 +
<br clear=all>
  
[[Datei:Konfiguration importieren.png|links|300px]]
+
[[Datei:Vpn-unter-linux-06.png|links|mini|ohne|350px|VPN settings]]
 +
<br>
 +
* The VPN settings were taken from the configuration file.
 +
* Enter the ''"import password"''' for the network certificate. (1)
 +
* Then click '''Add'''. (2)
 +
<br clear=all>
  
<br><br>
+
[[Datei:Vpn-unter-linux-07.png|links|mini|ohne|350px|Connect VPN]]
Im nächsten Fenster muss der Verbindungstyp OpenVPN augewählt werden.
+
<br>
 +
* With one click on the switch you can connect to the VPN.
 
<br clear=all>
 
<br clear=all>
  
[[Datei:Zertikate einstellen.png|links|300px]]
+
===Connect VPN===
 +
[[Datei:Vpn-unter-linux-08.png|links|mini|ohne|350px|Connect VPN]]
 +
<br>
 +
* Or connect via the network menu.
 +
<br clear=all>
  
Anschließend müssen die eben entpackten Zertifikate ausgewählt werden. Das Feld CA-Zertifikat sollte automatisch gefüllt werden.
+
===Disconnect VPN===
 +
[[File:Vpn-unter-linux-09.png|links|mini|ohne|350px|Disconnect VPN]]
 +
<br>
 +
* You can disconnect the VPN connection from the network menu.
 +
<br clear=all>
  
Falls das Feld CA-Zertifikat nicht automatisch ausgefüllt wird, sollte man die Konfigurationsdatei "'''openvpn-upb-ng-lin.ovpn"''' in "'''openvpn-upb-ng-lin.pem'''" umbenennen und diese zusätzlich in den Ordner mit den Zertifikaten legen. Danach können Sie die Datei als CA-Zertifikat auswählen.
+
==Check VPN==
 +
You can check the functionality of the VPN by calling:
 +
: [https://go.upb.de/ip https://go.upb.de/ip]
 +
Your IP will be displayed there and whether you are on the university network.
  
 +
[[File:OpenVPN verbunden - go_ip.png|mitte|400px|mini|ohne|Example: Existing connection to the university network.]]
 
<br clear=all>
 
<br clear=all>
  
 +
==For advanced users==
 +
* At least version '''OpenVPN 2.4''' is required.
 +
There is also the option to set up the connection via Ubuntu's network manager.
  
 +
To use the network manager, the previously created network certificate must be unpacked:
  
[[Datei:VPN_Unter_Linux_05.png|links|400px|mini|Abgeschlossene Einrichtung]] <br><br>
+
: <code>$ openssl pkcs12 -in Network_Certificate.p12 -out Network_Certificate_OPVPN.crt.pem -clcerts -nokeys </code>
Nach dem Speichern lässt sich die VPN-Verbindung über das obere Systemleiste aktivierven.
+
: <code>$ openssl pkcs12 -in Network_Certificate.p12 -out Network_Certificate_OPVPN.key.pem -nocerts -nodes </code>
 +
 
 +
The two new files are copied to a safe location in the user directory with the network certificate.  
 +
: According to user reports, an additional parameter <code>-legacy</code> may be necessary under OpenSSL 3.0.2.
 +
: If this doesn't work, it may be necessary (e.g. with Arch) to install the package "openssl-1.1" and call the top two commands with "openssl-1.1" instead of "openssl".
  
<br clear=all>
+
To do this, you must first install the necessary packages using the terminal:
 +
: <code># sudo apt-get install openvpn network-manager-openvpn network-manager-openvpn-gnome</code>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==See also==
 +
* [[Netzwerk]]
 +
* [[VPN Problembehandlung]]

Aktuelle Version vom 16. Oktober 2024, 09:26 Uhr

Die deutsche Version finden Sie auf der Seite VPN unter Linux

VPN (Virtual Private Network) is needed if you want to use your computer from outside the university to access services that are only accessible within the university network. VPN guarantees secure access to the university network through other networks (dial-up via other providers, external company or university networks).

This guide is based on Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS. Other distributions may work similarly. We cannot provide a guide for every distribution.

What needs to be done?[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

  • Download personal network certificate.
  • Download configuration file:

  • Store network certificate and configuration file in a folder. Don't change the path later.
  • Rename the certificate.
  • Setup VPN

Step-by-step instructions[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Create certificate[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

You need a network certificate for the VPN connection. If you already have a certificate for Eduroam, you can use that too and skip this step.
Open the service portal and log in with your university account.


  • Go to User Management and then Network Settings.


Eduroam-unter-android-4.png


  • Click Create New Certificate.


Netzwerkzertifikat-container-v2.png


  • Give the certificate a unique name (Ex: Laptop VPN)
  • Select Version 2 as the file format.
  • Then click on Send new certificate.


Netzwerkzertifikat-download.png


  • A new network certificate has been created for you.
  • First copy the Import Password to the clipboard.
  • Now click on Download Network Certificate.


Configure VPN on Linux[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Download the configuration file, select the VPN you want to connect to and click Download. Normally "Uni-VPN (Standard)" should be the right choice, but if you have problems with the connection, try "Uni-VPN-TCP" again.
Note: You can click on "Download" here and download your configuration file. This is not a screenshot ;-)

  • Accessing online resources may require that you route all network traffic through the tunnel.
  • You do not need this option for pure access to network drives.

Create folder[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

  • Create a folder and put the network certificate and configuration file there.
  • Choose the storage location carefully - you must not move or rename the folder later.
  • Rename the network certificate to Network_Certificate.p12


Folder for VPN


  • This is what the contents of the folder should look like.


Set up VPN[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Network


  • Click on the "network icon".
  • Then click on Settings.


Add VPN


  • In the VPN section, click the + to add.


Import from file


  • Select "Import from file...".


configuration file


  • Open the folder we just created.
  • Select the configuration file.
  • Then click "Open".


VPN settings


  • The VPN settings were taken from the configuration file.
  • Enter the "import password"' for the network certificate. (1)
  • Then click Add. (2)


Connect VPN


  • With one click on the switch you can connect to the VPN.


Connect VPN[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Connect VPN


  • Or connect via the network menu.


Disconnect VPN[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Disconnect VPN


  • You can disconnect the VPN connection from the network menu.


Check VPN[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

You can check the functionality of the VPN by calling:

https://go.upb.de/ip

Your IP will be displayed there and whether you are on the university network.

Example: Existing connection to the university network.


For advanced users[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

  • At least version OpenVPN 2.4 is required.

There is also the option to set up the connection via Ubuntu's network manager.

To use the network manager, the previously created network certificate must be unpacked:

$ openssl pkcs12 -in Network_Certificate.p12 -out Network_Certificate_OPVPN.crt.pem -clcerts -nokeys
$ openssl pkcs12 -in Network_Certificate.p12 -out Network_Certificate_OPVPN.key.pem -nocerts -nodes

The two new files are copied to a safe location in the user directory with the network certificate.

According to user reports, an additional parameter -legacy may be necessary under OpenSSL 3.0.2.
If this doesn't work, it may be necessary (e.g. with Arch) to install the package "openssl-1.1" and call the top two commands with "openssl-1.1" instead of "openssl".

To do this, you must first install the necessary packages using the terminal:

# sudo apt-get install openvpn network-manager-openvpn network-manager-openvpn-gnome


See also[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]


Bei Fragen oder Problemen wenden Sie sich bitte telefonisch oder per E-Mail an uns:

Tel. IT: +49 (5251) 60-5544 Tel. Medien: +49 (5251) 60-2821 E-Mail: zim@uni-paderborn.de

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